Chronic food and nutrition insecurity poses a persistent challenge in Afghanistan, a situation significantly worsened by the climate crisis. As one of the top ten countries most impacted by climate change, Afghanistan needs locally adaptable and sustainable solutions. Through the Future Smart Food (FSF) initiative supported by FAO and in pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal 2 “Zero Hunger”, comprehensive country-wide research was conducted with the aim to offer evidence-based recommendations to enhance food and nutrition security across the nation. The study focused on the identification, assessment, and potential integration of neglected and underutilized species (NUS) into Afghanistan’s agricultural and food sectors, prioritizing their climate resilience, nutritional benefits, economic viability, and sustainability.